The 23o5l
Musi wa29 Kukadzi, Ministry of Health yakaburitsa data inoshungurudza pamusoro pechiitiko che nedengue muBrazil muna 2024, zvichiratidza kuti nyika yakapfuura chiratidzo chinotyisa chemiriyoni imwe chete yemhosva dzakasimbiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, 1 nzufu dzine chekuita nechirwere ichi dzakarekodhwa, ukuwo dzimwe 214 dzerufu dziri kuferefetwa pari zvino kuti dzionekwe kuti dzine chekuita nedengue. o4w6l
Kuipa kwemamiriro acho ezvinhu kwakonzera kutya kunowedzera pakati pevagari vemo nenyanzvi dzoutano. Takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akakosha aya, ruzivo uye kuita kwe matanho ekudzivirira inoshanda. Kuunganidzwa kwenharaunda, kusimbaradzwa kwekuongorora kwezvirwere uye kusimudzirwa kwemishandirapamwe yedzidzo kwakakosha kutarisana nedambudziko rehutano reveruzhinji.
Mukupindura kunhamba yakakosha yenyaya dzakanyoreswa munharaunda yese yenyika uye kushushikana kuri kuwedzera kwehuwandu, timu pa showmetech yakagadzira gwara rinozivisa nezve nzira yekuzvidzivirira nayo nedengue. Saka, ramba uchiverenga kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakosha nezvenyaya yacho!
Chii chinonzi Dengue? 43724l
A nedengue chirwere chinotapukira chinotapukira chinozviratidza mumhando dzisina kunaka kana dzakakomba - zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei, serudzi rwehutachiona hwakabatanidzwa, kutapukirwa neumhutu hwedengue uye mamiriro ega ega, akadai sezvirwere zvisingaperi (chirwere cheshuga, asthma, sickle cell anemia. uye bronchial asima).
Iyo causative agent yedengue ndeyemhuri Flaviviridae, mumhando yeFlavivirus, uye ine serotypes ina dzakasiyana: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 uye DENV-4. Aya serotypes anotsanangurwa se arboviruses, zvichiratidza kuti anonyanya kutapurirwa neumhutu. MuBrazil, chirwere ichi chinotapurirwa neumhutu hwechikadzi. Aedes aegypti uye, kana munhu akatapukirwa nehutachiona, vanogona kuratidza chirwere chekare kana chehemorrhagic.
Mhando dzeDengue o3o66
Clinical zviratidzo 4d4w30
Mukiriniki, marudzi edengue anogona kuzviratidza munzira nhatu:
- Classic dengue: ndiyo nzira yakapfava yechirwere uye saka inogara ichivhiringidzika nefuruu. Kutanga kwayo kwakangoerekana kwaitika uye zviratidzo zvinogona kugara pakati pemazuva mashanu nemanomwe;
- Dengue shock syndrome: munyaya iyi, kune kudonha kukuru kana kusavapo kweropa, pamwe chete nekusagadzikana, kupera uye kurasikirwa kwekuziva;
- Dengue hemorrhagic fever: kunoitika apo munhu ane utachiona hwedengue anotambura kuchinja mukugwamba kweropa. Zvinowanzoitika kana munhu abatwa kechipiri kana kechitatu uye kana akasarapwa anogona kufa.
Viral kusiyana uye serotypes 5n6r5d
Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti dengue inokonzerwa nehutachiona DENV, iyo ine kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirisa kwayo, zvichiita serotypes yakasiyana. Kusvika iye zvino, takaziva 5 serotypes e 18 mhando dzehutachiona hwedengue. Munharaunda yenyika, serotypes 1, 2 3 uye 4 inotenderera.
Mushure mekutapukirwa, chipenyu chinokura kusadzivirirwa zvachose kune chaiyo serotype inobatanidzwa. Zvisinei, kusadzivirirwa uku hakupe dziviriro kune dzimwe serotypes, iyo inobvumira munhu kutapukirwa kanokwana kana nehutachiona.
Kuwanda kweimwe serotype kunogona kusiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nekufamba kwenguva, zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwayo kupararira uye nhamba yevanhu vasati varatidzwa kune yakanyanya serotype.
Maserotypes aripo muBrazil anozivikanwa seanotevera:
- Rudzi 1 (DENV-1): yakawanikwa muna 1981 uye yakaonekwa mune dzimwe nyaya dziri dzoga muRoraima. Kutenderera kwayo kwakasvika kune mamwe matunhu enyika kubva muna 1986 zvichienda mberi.
- Rudzi 2 (DENV-2): yakaonekwa muna 1990 uye ese ekutanga neyechipiri mhando dzave dzakanyanya muBrazil mumakore mana apfuura.
- Rudzi 3 (DENV-3): yakaparadzaniswa muna 2000. Muna 2016, yakaramba iri serotype yakawanda munyika.
- Rudzi 4 (DENV-4): yakaonekwa mumatambudziko ari oga uye akaganhurirwa akaitika munharaunda yeNorth muna 1981. Zvisinei, mushure me2010, yakatanga kutenderera kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
- Rudzi 5 (DENV-5): yakaonekwa muna 2007, kuMalaysia. Kusvika iye zvino, hapana nyaya ye serotype iyi yakaonekwa muBrazil.
Nderupi rudzi rweDengue runorangarirwa kuva rwakakomba zvikurusa? g61k
Chero chero dengue virus serotypes inogona kukonzera chero chinhu kubva kune asymptomatic kutapukira kusvika kurufu. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, serotypes 2 uye 3 inonzi inonyanya kuipa, nokuti inopararira nyore nyore.
Nokudaro, zvose serotypes zvinokwanisa kukonzera dengue yakakomba muhutachiona hwekutanga, asi kazhinji nguva idzi dzinoitika muchirwere chechipiri kana chechitatu.
Chii chinokonzera Dengue? 2c5x5
Mosquito yedengue ndiyo Aedes aegypti, yakatanga muAfrica uye yakapararira pasi pose nomunhu, ichimuchinja kuva chipembenene chinorarama munyika yose. Ichiratidza hukuru hudiki pane humhutu hunowanzoitika, inomira kunze kwemavara ayo matema, ine mitsetse inogadzira dhizaini yakafanana nekapu pachipfuva, kuwedzera kune mitsetse michena mumusoro nemakumbo. Mapapiro ayo anopenya, uye ruzha runogadzirwa harunzwiki nzeve dzevanhu.
Mubiology yerudzi urwu, zvinoonekwa kuti murume we Aedes aegypti inodya michero chete, nepo mukadzi achida ropa kuti akure mazai, ayo anoiswa pamadziro emukati ezvinhu zviri pedyo nemvura yakachena, sezvo vachipa mararamiro akanaka.
Nehurefu hwehupenyu hunotora mazuva anosvika makumi matatu, hadzi inokwanisa kukandira mazai ari pakati pe30 ne150 panguva iyi. Paanobva kumukadzi ane utachiona hwedengue, mazai aya, paanopedza kushanduka-shanduka, anova mishonga inoparadzira zvirwere. Zvakakoshawo kusimbisa kuti mazai anoiswa mumidziyo yakagadzirwa, yakadai semabhodhoro asina chinhu, matayi, magata, matangi emvura asina kuvharwa, ndiro pasi pehari dzezvirimwa kana chimwe chinhu chinokwanisa kuunganidza mvura inonaya.
Kunyangwe ichiwanikwawo kumaruwa, the Aedes aegypti Huzhinji hunoita umhutu hwemumaguta. Kuchinja kwayo kunzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa dzinoratidza kunzwa kwayo kune tembiricha yakaderera pakakwirira. Uyezve, vakadzi, vachitsvaka ropa revanhu semapuroteni, vanowanzorwisa mangwanani kana manheru, uye mate avo ane mushonga weanesthetic, zvichiita kuti kuruma kusarwadzike.
Transmission uye incubation 6968m
Kutapurirana dengue kunoitika kuburikidza nekurumwa neumhutu Aedes aegypti. Pashure pokudyisa ropa rine utachiona, umhutu hunowana simba rokuparadzira utachiona hwacho, nekanguva yokukura inogona kusiyana kubva pamazuva masere kusvika ku8. Pane zvakare mukana wekutapurirana kwemuchina, izvo zvinoitika kana chikafu chetumbuyu chavhiringika uye chinobva changodya pamunhu ari pedyo.
Kutapurirana hakuitike kuburikidza nekubatana kwakananga nemurwere kana zvakavanzika zvavo, kana kunyange kuburikidza nemvura kana zvekudya. Nokudaro, kuitika kwayo kwakabatana nekuvapo kwehutachiona muropa revanhu. Nguva yakaoma yechirwere inotanga zuva rimwe chete kusati kwatanga kupisa uye inopera kusvika pazuva rechitanhatu. Kana iri incubation nguva, inosiyana kubva pamazuva matatu kusvika ku6, neavhareji yemazuva mashanu kusvika matanhatu.
Kudzivirirwa 2158o
Kubatwa neutachiona hwedengue kunowanikwa pasi rose, zvichiratidza kuti chero munhu anogona kutapukirwa. Nekudaro, kusadzivirirwa kwechigarire kunokura neimwe nzira kune yega serotype (homologous), izvo zvinoreva kuti dziviriro yakawanikwa kune imwe serotype haingoenderane kune vamwe. Kune zvakare kwenguva pfupi (heterologous) cross-immunity, iyo iyo mhinduro yekudzivirira kune acute dengue hutachiona inogona kuiswa muchikamu seyekutanga kana yechipiri.
Mhinduro yekutanga inoitika kana munhu asati ambosangana nehutachiona. Muchiitiko ichi, kugadzirwa kweantibody zvishoma nezvishoma kunowedzera mukupindura kutapukira kwekutanga. Kusiyana neizvi, mhinduro yechipiri inoitika kune vanhu vane chirwere chedengue chakanyanya avo vakamboonekwa kune flaviviruses, zvichikonzera kukurumidza kuwedzera kwemazinga ekurwisa antibody nekuda kwekuyeuka immunological yakawanikwa panguva yekuratidzwa kwekare.
Zviratidzo uye marapirwo 533f6
Zviratidzo 6p3m69
Zviratidzo zvinogona kutanga husiku uye zvinogara pakati pemazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe. Kana munhu arumwa nemosquito inoparadzira dengue fever, zvinotora mazuva ari pakati pe3 ne15 kuti chirwere ichi chizviratidze. Zviratidzo zvikuru ndezvizvi:
- Kupisa kwakanyanya nekukasira kutanga - pakati pe39º ne40º C;
- Marwadzo ki kwemaziso;
- Kurwadziwa nemusoro;
- Kunyanya kuneta;
- Mavara uye mapundu paganda, kazhinji kacho;
- Kupfava uye kurwadziwa mumuviri;
- Marwadzo mumapfupa nemai;
- Dzungu;
- Nausea uye kurutsa;
- Kurasikirwa kwechido uye kuravira.
Kuti ugamuchire kuongororwa kwechirwere, kuongororwa kweropa redengue kana dengue serology inoitwa. Iyo Federal Hurumende zvakare inoverengera pakushandiswa kwekukurumidza bvunzo mu Yakabatana Hutano System (SUS).
Kurapa 6h171g
Hapana kurapa kwakananga pakurwisa dengue. Nokudaro, vanhu vane utachiona vanofanira kuisa pfungwa pakushandiswa kwemishonga yekuderedza zviratidzo, vachitora matanho anokosha, kusanganisira kuzorora, kuchinjwa kwemvura yakakwana uye kutonga kwakarurama kwemishonga inoratidzwa.
Kana munhu ane utachiona ane marwadzo nefivha, mamwe mishonga yeantipyretic, yakadai separacetamol, inogona kunyorwa. Mune mamwe mamiriro akakomba, kuchipatara kungave kuri madikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti intravenous hydration, nepo zviitiko zvakanyanyisa zvichitumirwa kunorapwa muchikamu chekuchengetedza zvakanyanya.
Paracetamol ne dipyrone mishonga inoshandiswa kuderedza zviratidzo zvemarwadzo nefivha kana paine dengue, uye inokurudzirwa nebazi rezvehutano neWorld Health Organisation (WHO).
Zvakakosha kuyeuka: kuzvirapa hazvikurudzirwi! Kana zviratidzo zvikaonekwa, tsvaga kurapwa.
Mishonga inorambidzwa 4i2w6e
Varwere vari kurwisa dengue kana kuti vanofungidzirwa kuti vane hosha yacho vanofanira kudzivisa mishonga ye<em>dengue. acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) kana izvo zvine chinhu chakabatana. Iyi mishonga ine anticoagulant effect, iyo inogona kukonzera kubuda ropa uye kuipa mamiriro acho ezvinhu.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, zvakadai se diclofenac, ibuprofen e piroxicam dzinodawo kudziviswa, sezvo dzinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekubuda ropa.
Mishonga yeDengue 3l5z4g
Yokutanga dengue vaccine yakabvumidzwa muBrazil, iyo Dengvaxia da Sanofi-Pasteur, yakapihwa mvumo neAnvisa muna 2015. Mushonga uyu unobata serotypes 1, 2, 3 uye 4, uye unoitirwa vanhu vane makore 9 kusvika makumi mana nemashanu vakatove nedengue. Zvisinei, inongowanikwa mumakiriniki akazvimirira.
Mushonga wechipiri, Qdenga, yakawana mvumo kubva kuAnvisa muna 2023 uye, kubva muna Ndira 2024, yakatanga kupihwa mumakiriniki akazvimirira. Muna Kukadzi wegore rimwe chetero, yakabatanidzwa muNational Immunisation Programme (PNI), zvakare ichisvikika kuburikidza neSUS. Inodzivirira kubva kune serotypes DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 uye DEN-4, inoshanda kune vanhu vasina nhoroondo yedengue uye kune avo vakatova nechirwere ichi.
Muhurongwa hwehutano hweveruzhinji, mushonga wedengue unowanikwa kune vanhu vari pakati pemakore mana kusvika makumi matanhatu, uye unopikiswa kune vakadzi vane nhumbu, vanaamai vanoyamwisa, vanhu vane immune system yakakanganiswa, immunosuppressive mamiriro kana allergies kune zvikamu zveformula.
Boka rekutanga kuwana jekiseni iri nderevana nevachiri kuyaruka vane makore gumi kusvika gumi nemana. Mugore rose ra10, tarisiro ndeyekuti madhosi anosvika 14 miriyoni emushonga achaitwa kuti awanikwe mahara neSUS. Urongwa uhwu hune chinangwa chekusimbisa nzvimbo dzinonyanya kutambudzika dengue, ichipa mhinduro inoshanda pakurwisa chirwere ichi.
Kana zviri zvekubudirira, the Qdenga yakaratidza kushanda zvakanaka muchikamu che69,8% chezvirwere neserotype 1, 95,1% ine serotype 2 ne48,9% ine serotype 3.
Kuti uwane zvimwe nezve Qdenga, tarisa nyaya yedu yakazara pamusoro penyaya!
Kuchengetedza kudzivirira kuwanda kweumhutu 4n2e4c
Nokuda kwaavo vari kushamisika kuti vangazvidzivirira sei padengue fever, mhinduro iri mukudzivisa kupararira kwoumhutu. Aedes aegypti. Kuti uite izvi, tora matanho ekudzivirira anotevera:
- Usasiya midziyo ine mvura yakamira;
- Iva nechokwadi chokuti matangi emvura akavharwa zvakanaka;
- Isa jecha muhari dzezvirimwa kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemvura;
- Chengeta madziva ekushambira akavharwa zvakanaka;
- Unganidza uye rongedza marara nemazvo
- Geza marata ako nguva dzose;
- Chenesa tireyi yekuunganidza mvura inotonhorera;
- Fukidza matangi nemamwe madhamu emvura zvakanaka;
- Ivhara mvura uye chengetedza zvivharo zvechimbuzi pasi;
- Chenesa uye chengetedza ndiro dzemhuka zvakanaka;
- Chengeta marara akavharwa zvakanaka
Matanho aya haangogumiri mudzimba, zvakakosha kuti tingwarire kune zvingangoitika zvemvura yakamira munzvimbo dzakaita sezvikoro, nzvimbo dzebasa uye dzimwe dzinowanzogara zuva nezuva.
Uyezve, funga kupfeka zvipfeko zvinoderedza kuratidzwa kweganda mukati mezuva, zvichipa imwezve chengetedzo kubva pakurumwa nehuturu hwedengue, kunyanya panguva yekubuda. Zvinodzinga, mishonga yezvipembenene nemambure eumhutu zvakare maturusi anoshanda anoenderana nedziviriro yemunhu.
Nekutevedzera maitiro aya, munhu anogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mukuderedza njodzi yekutapurirwa kwechirwere.
Onawo:
Source: Bazi rezveHutano, Hurumende yeSão Paulo, Bazi rezveHutano
Yakaongororwa na Glaucon Vital musi wa14/3/24.
