The 23o5l
Kubva 2023 tanga tichiona kunaya kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera mafashama mudunhu reRio Grande do Sul Muna Kubvumbi 2024 mamiriro ezvinhu aya akawedzera kuita njodzi, zvichikonzera kuti vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni vakanganiswa mudunhu rese. Asi Sei kwakanaya zvakanyanya muRio Grande do Sul? Nharaunda yacho yakashamiswa nemvura yakanga ichinaya here? Pano tichaongorora zvidzidzo uye chinzvimbo chemasayendisiti ane hunyanzvi munzvimbo iyi kuti atsanangure kuti zvese izvi zvakaguma sei munjodzi iri kuratidzwa neBrazil nepasirese. 1s6c3e
Kutsanangura njodzi 2t4z10
O Rio Grande do Sul yakatarisana nemamiriro ekunze anoshamisa nekuda kwemabhanan'ana nemvura yakawanda. Iyo nyika iri pasi pekukanganiswa kweanoteedzana anotonhora anouya kubva kumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi, iyo yakawana chipingamupinyi muchimiro chenzvimbo yekumanikidza yakanyanya iri pakati peBrazil, ichiita senge. rusvingo rukuru izvo zvinodzivirira kubuda kweiyi pamberi inotonhora.
Iyi imwe nzvimbo yekumanikidza yakakwirira haivharidzi kumberi kwenzvimbo dzinotonhora chete, asi zvakare inotsausa hunyoro kubva kuAtlantic Ocean kuenda kuRio Grande do Sul kubva kuMabvazuva uye kuburikidza nemugungwa. Amazonia, vachipinda vachibva kuMadokero. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nyika iri kuwana hunyoro kubva kune dzakawanda nzira, izvo zvinobatsira mukushingirira uye kuwedzera kwekunaya kwemvura. Zvichakadaro, ikozvino kutonhora kumberi kunogara parked pamusoro penharaunda, isingakwanisi kuparara nekuda kwesimba renzvimbo yepamusoro yekumanikidza.
Mvura yanga ichiparadza Rio Grande do Sul kubva mukupera kwaKubvumbi 2024 yakasiya nzira yekukanganisa. inenge 90% yemaguta ehurumende, sezvakaratidzwa nechiyero chazvino chakaburitswa neCivil Defense mangwanani eChishanu chapfuura (10). Maererano neshumo, pamaguta e497 muRio Grande do Sul, 435 akawirwa nedutu, iro rinomiririra anenge. 87,5% yehuwandu. Mune mamwe mazwi, 62 chete makanzuru haana kunyora chero kukanganisa kwakananga kune kunaya.
Hurumende yeNyika yakagamuchira vanhu vakadzingwa uye yakaronga mipiro. Nzvimbo yemitambo muPorto Alegre yakashandurwa kuita pekugara, nepo muCanoas imwe nzvimbo yakagamuchira vanhu vanosvika zviuru zvinomwe, maererano nedata repamutemo. Nekudaro, kuwana ruzivo rwakabatanidzwa rwakave rwakaoma nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwedatabase yenyika yakakonzerwa nemafashama.
Marekodhi emazuva ano emari yebharanzi 107 vafa, nevanhu 1,7 miriyoni vakakanganisika mudunhu rese uye vangangosvika mazana matatu nemakumi matatu ezviuru vasina pekugara.. Vanhu vanodarika mazana masere ezviuru havana magetsi, uye matambudziko nenharembozha anokanganisa maguta anopfuura makumi mashanu. Zvikoro zvinosvika chiuru zvakakanganisika mumadhumeni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu, zvichikanganisa vadzidzi vanopfuura zviuru mazana matatu nemakumi matatu.
Chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze akanyanya 531d2o
Kutaura “socio-environmental catastrophe” yakawana mukurumbira munhau, nepo "climate emergency", "adaptability" e "kusimba" iva mazwi anozivikanwa kune zviremera zveBrazil uye vagari, vachitsvaga kunzwisisa uye kutarisana nemamiriro ekunze akanyanya. Brazilian meteorologist Carlos Nobre, chirevo chenyika mune zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, inojekesa pfungwa ye zviitiko zvekunze zvakanyanya uye nei mamiriro ezvinhu muRio Grande do Sul akaiswa muzvikamu nenzira iyi.
Nyanzvi inotaura kuti izwi iri rinoreva zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakagara zvichiitika mumasikirwo, sekunaya kwemvura zhinji uye kwenguva refu, kusanaya kwemvura zvakanyanya kana masaisai ekupisa, izvo zvave kuita. kakawanda uye zvakanyanya. Izvo zvaimboitika makore gumi ega ega zvino zvinoitika maviri kana kunyangwe gore rega rega, uye dzimwe nguva zvichiri kuseta zvinyorwa zvitsva.
Mamiriro ezvinhu muRio Grande do Sul anoratidza izvi, nemvura inonaya inopfuura zvinyorwa zvose zvekare. Inodarika 60% yenharaunda yeRio Grande do Sul yakanyora mvura inonaya inodarika 800 millimeters, chimwe chinhu chisati chamboitika. Mumazuva asingasviki 15, kwakanaya mvura yakaenzana nemwedzi mishanu yekunaya kwemvura mudunhu rese, paine fungidziro yemvura zhinji nekuda kwekutonhora kutsva. Kunyange zvazvo isingasviki huwandu hwakafanana nemazuva apfuura, rwizi rucharamba ruchikwira, zvichikonzera kuramba kuine mafashamo munzvimbo dzakaderera.
Maitiro aya haisi kuBrazil chete, uye zviri kuitika pasi rose. Zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanyisa hazvichawanzoitiki, zviri kuramba zvichiwanda nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nekudziya kwepasi, zvichikonzerwa nekubuda kwemagasi egreenhouse mumhepo.
Zvimwe zviitiko zvakafanana muBrazil zvakaitika mumakore achangopfuura:
- January 2011: mvura inonaya munzvimbo ine makomo yeRio de Janeiro yakanyora kufa kwe918 uye 100 vanhu vakashaika;
- Ndira 2020: mvura inonaya mudunhu reBelo Horizonte;
- Kukadzi 2020: kunaya kwemvura mudunhu reSão Paulo, Ceasa yakafukidzwa nemvura, ichikanganisa kuwanikwa kwechikafu;
- Kurume 2020: kunaya kwemvura pamhenderekedzo yeSão Paulo, ine simba paSantos, Cubatão, São Vicente, yakanyora kufa kwevanhu vanopfuura makumi mana nevatatu;
- Zvita 2021: kunaya kwemvura kumaodzanyemba kweBahia kwakasiya makumi maviri nevatatu vafa;
- Ndira 2022: kunaya muBelo Horizonte kwakanyora kufa kaviri;
- Ndira 2022: kunaya kwemvura mudunhu reSão Paulo kwakanyora kufa makumi matatu nemana;
- Kukadzi 2022: kunaya kwemvura muPetropolis kwakasiya vanhu mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nevashanu vafa;
- Kurume 2022: kunaya kwemvura muPetrópolis kwakanyora vanhu vanomwe vafa;
- Kubvumbi 2022: kunaya kwemvura mumaguta eCosta Verde, Guarapari, Angra dos Reis, muRio de Janeiro vanhu makumi maviri vakafa;
- Chivabvu 2022: kunaya kwemvura mudunhu reRecife, 133 vakafa;
- Zvita 2022: kunaya kwemvura muMinas Gerais kwakasiya gumi nevatatu vafa;
- Kukadzi 2023: kunaya kwemvura pamhenderekedzo yeSão Paulo, muSão Sebastião neUbatuba yakanyora kufa makumi matanhatu neshanu;
- June 2023: mahombekombe eRio Grande do Sul akasiya vanhu gumi nevatanhatu vafa;
- Gunyana 2023: Vale do Taquari yakanyora kufa makumi mashanu nemana;
- Kurume 2024: kunaya munzvimbo ine makomo yeRio de Janeiro nerufu muPetrópolis neTeresópolis kwakasiya vasere vafa;
- Kurume 2024: kunaya kwemvura muEspírito Santo yakanyora kufa gumi nevasere.
Zvikonzero zvinobvira 644im
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei nyika yakatarisana nenjodzi iyi. Ona zvimwe zvezvikonzero nei tiri kuona chiitiko ichi chemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka.
Kuvapo kwevanhu munzvimbo dzine njodzi/mafashamo 3i41f
A kusakwana kugadzirisa kubva kumaguta kuenda kukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona zvakare kuverengerwa nekusarongwa kwekuvandudzwa kwemaguta, izvo zvisingagaro funga zvakanaka zvinhu zvakaita sejogirafi uye nhanho dzekusagadzikana pamberi pekuchinja uku. A kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kazhinji haagamuchire kutarisirwa kunodikanwa mukuita uku.
Hazvina kukwana kungotamisa vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzine njodzi, zvinofanirwa kufunga matunhu ese angangosangana nemafashama uye kukoromoka kwevhu. Nehurombo, nzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha dzekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa uye dzimba ndidzo chaizvo idzo dziri panjodzi yemafashama, senge idzo dziri padyo nenzizi nemadziva, kana dziri munzvimbo dzakati sandara, dzakaderera uye dzine hunyoro.
Iyo wetland ecosystem inoita basa rakakosha mukuderedza mafashama, ichiita semhando ye "chipanje” munguva idzi dzemvura zhinji. Zvakadaro nzvimbo idzi dziri kuramba dzichiita kushomeka nekuda kwekuwedzera kusingadzoreki kwemaguta.
Nekufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze zvinokwanisika kuzivisa chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze akanyanya mazuva pachine nguva, seCemaden (National Center for Monitoring and Alerts for Natural Disasters) yakayambira Rio Grande do Sul neCivil Defense. Asi isu tinofanirwa kuita iyi yambiro masisitimu kwese kuri panjodzi. Cemaden iri kupedzisa ongororo yakaratidza madhumeni anodarika chiuru nemazana mapfumbamwe ane nzvimbo dziri panjodzi yekukoromoka kwevhu, mafashamu nemafashamu.
Carlos Nobre, nyanzvi yemamiriro ekunze
Kubva pakuona zvakatipoteredza, Sarudzo dzekuwedzera kwemaguta dziri kupesana nechengetedzo, kufuratira njodzi dzemhoteredzo dzine chekuita nekugara kwenzvimbo idzi dzisina njodzi. Zvakakosha kuti pane a kunyanya kuziva kuronga kwemaguta, iyo inofunga nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvisikwa uye kuderedzwa kwezvinokonzeresa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichinangana nekuchengetedzwa nekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vemumaguta.
Chimwe chinhu chakakodzera chenzvimbo yeRio Grande do Sul yekufunga nezvayo kana uchijairana nemamiriro ekunze matsva kuvapo kwemaguta akati wandei ari mumipata yenzizi. Nzvimbo idzi, dzinoratidzwa nekudzika kwakadzika, dzakakomberedzwa nepamusoro sezvikomo nemakomo, uye dziri pedyo nemitumbi yemvura.
Muenzaniso ndewe Muslim, guta riri muTaquari River Valley, iro rakatarisana nemafashamo katatu muna 2023. Yokutanga yakaitika muna June, zvichiita kuti vanhu gumi nevatanhatu vafe. MunaGunyana, vanhu makumi mashanu nevatatu vakarasikirwa neupenyu nekuda kwekupfuura nedutu remhepo, uye muna Mbudzi, vanhu vanopfuura 16 53 vakawirwa nedambudziko remvura zhinji.
Mataundi eRio Grande do Sul anga akatarisana nekukura kwakasimba kwemadhorobha pamusoro penzvimbo dzasara dzine hunyoro. Idzi nzvimbo dzakakosha nekuti dzine yatinoti sponge effect: iyi sevhisi inopiwa nemasikirwo ndeyechokwadi kuti kana paine mutoro mukuru wemvura inoenda ikoko, uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinoramba dzakachengeteka. Tiri kuita zvakapesana nezvatinofanira kuita: tiri kuenda kwatisingafaniri kuenda, tichizviisa panjodzi, tichigadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anoisa hupenyu munjodzi, uye kurasikirwa kunodzokororwa.
Marcelo Dutra da Silva, ecologist, chiremba wesainzi uye purofesa weEcology paFederal University yeRio Grande (FURG)
Kuwedzera neEl Niño j1o54
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani hukama huripo El Niño Nekunaya kwemvura muRio Grande do Sul, tinofanira kutanga taziva mavambo uye simba rechiitiko ichi. Muzana remakore rechi19, vabati vehove kuchamhembe kwePeru vakaona kuyerera kwegore negore kwemvura inodziya kubva kuPacific Ocean yaiyerera ichienda kumaodzanyemba. Sezvazvaiitika panguva yeKrisimasi, vakadana chiitiko chacho kuti El Niño, shanduro yeshoko chairo "mukomana", mukukudza “mukomana” Jesu.
Masayendisiti ePeruvia akazocherekedza kuti chiitiko chakanyanya chakabatana nacho mvura inopisa yakaparadzana makore anoverengeka uye yakatungamirira kumafashamo emwaka ane njodzi pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yaiwanzova yakaoma. Kekutanga kunyorwa kuitika kwemvura yemugwenga inotyisa yaive muna 1525, pakasvika mutungamiriri wekoloni Francisco Pizarro muPeru.
Imwe yemhedzisiro yechiitiko ichi kufarira kunaya kwepamusoro-avhareji mudunhu reRio Grande do Sul, anotsanangura. Desiree Brandt, mubatsiri mukuru uye meteorologist kukambani yeNottus, nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze kwebhizinesi. Mvura isingaperi uye inonaya inokanganisawo nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kweArgentina nekumaodzanyemba kweParaguay neUruguay, sekutsanangura kunoita nyanzvi yemamiriro ekunze. Leandro Cardoso.
Kubva mumwedzi yekupedzisira ya2023, takaona El Niño yakanyanya, mushure memakore e Musikana persistent. La Niña inopesana neEl Niño - mairi, mune kutonhora kwemvura yepamusoro yePacific Ocean. Pamwe chete, zviitiko zviviri izvi zvinozivikanwa se ENSO, chidimbu muChirungu cheEl Niño Southern Oscillation. Kutenderera uku, kwakabatana nekusagadzikana kwetembiricha, kunoshandura mafambiro emuchadenga, zvichikanganisa kunaya kwemvura uye tembiricha.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti gore re El Niño inosanganisirwa nemvura yakawanda kuMaodzanyemba uye mamiriro okunze akaoma muBrazilian Northeast. Kwakawanda kwekusanaya kwemvura kwakaitika kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kuMabvazuva kwakaitika panguva dzezviitiko zvakanyanya zveEl Niño. Mvura yakakwirira kwazvo pakati-kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, saka, inova chimwe chinhu chinowanzoitika muchiitiko ichi.
Regina Rodrigues, purofesa weOceanography uye Climate paFederal University yeSanta Catarina, anotsanangura kuti mwaka uchangopfuura wekunaya kwemvura yakanyanyisa unobva mukudyidzana pakati peEl Niño nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kubva pakubuda kwayo pakati pegore rapfuura, chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze ichi chakawedzera mamiriro ekunze kwete muBrazil chete, asi pasirese.
Isati yasvika pakakwirira muna Gumiguru 2023, El Niño yakabatsira mukupisa kwakanyanya munyika, kusvika 40 madigiri, zvichikonzera kusanaya kwemvura muAmazon, kutsva kwemasango, kuderera kwenzizi dzakadzika uye kurasikirwa kwemhuka. Mwedzi wapfuura, Rio Grande do Sul yakatarisana nemafashama nekuda kwemvura yakawandisa. Mumazuva 19 chete, mvura yakanaya Mamirimita, pamusoro peavhareji yenhoroondo yenguva iyoyo, iyo inosiyana kubva 70 kusvika 150 mm.
Nyanzvi dzinoziva kuti kutanga nekupera kweEl Niño kunowanzova nemigumisiro inoparadza zvikuru. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe masangano ezvemamiriro okunze enyika yose akazivisa kuguma kweEl Niño, pane kukakavadzana pakati penyanzvi dzezvemamiriro okunze panyaya iyi. Kunyange zvazvo chiitiko ichi chapera muPacific Ocean, migumisiro yacho ichiri kuonekwa mumakondinendi.
Kushaya matanho ekudzivirira 6faq
Mafashamo akaparadza Rio Grande do Sul akakonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwechiitiko chemamiriro ekunze chisina kumboitika uye kuregeredza kwezviremera, zvinopupurirwa nenhevedzano yenyevero yafanozivisa iyo yakaratidzira kuva pedyo kwengwavaira huru.
Tisati tataura nezve chenjedzo dzakaitwa, ngatizivei MetSul, chikamu chakakosha munyaya iyi. MetSul ikambani yemeteorology inopa mamiriro ekunze kunharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kwenyika, pamwe nekuongorora mamiriro ekunze uye ruzivo rwezviitiko zvakakosha zvemamiriro ekunze. MetSul yakawana kucherechedzwa kwekururama kwayo uye zvakadzama mukufanotaura, kunyanya zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze akananga kumaodzanyemba kweBrazil nenyika dzakavakidzana, seUruguay neArgentina.
Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekunaya kwemvura zhinji zvakaonekwa muna Kubvumbi 21, MetSul achifanotaura "zvikamu zvakatevedzana zvekunaya kwemvura mudunhu, ine mavhoriyamu akakosha mune dzimwe nzvimbo“. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti mvura inogona kusvika kusvika 200 mm pane dzimwe nzvimbo, pakati pekupera kwaApril uye kutanga kwaMay.
Mazuva mana gare gare, MetSul yakapa yambiro nezve njodzi yemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neakaitika muna 2023. Sangano rakanyevera mvura iyoyo inogona kugara kwemazuva anoverengeka, inosvika ku300 mm, uye ichipfuura avhareji inotarisirwa kwemwedzi miviri muvhiki imwe chete. Sezvakangoita muna 2023, kupisa kwepakati pakati penyika kwaive kutsausa hunyoro kuenda kumaodzanyemba.
Musi waApril 27, maguta e Kanoa, Novo Hamburgo e Porto Alegre mafashamo ekutanga akanga atonyorwa kare. Mazuva matatu gare gare, meya wePorto Alegre, Sebastião Melo (MDB), akazivisa kuvhurwa kwedzimba dzekutanga muguta, apo kufa kwekutanga kubva mumvura kwakaverengwa uye Hurumende yeHurumende yakagadza hofisi yematambudziko.
Chiyero che Guaíba river zvakada kuwedzera mamita mana mumazuva mashanu chete, kusvika pamamita 1,4 masikati eApril 30. Pamusoro pemamita maviri, iyo Guaíba inofashukira, uye chiitiko ichi chaive chatofanotaurwa nekuda kwemafashama erekodhi mumatunhu ayo. Musi waMay 2, rwizi rwakasvika mamita 3, kusvika mamita 4,3 mazuva maviri gare gare.
Migumisiro yemafashamo eGuaíba yakanga iri pakarepo. Musi waMay 2, kugoverwa kwemagetsi kuzvitsuwa zvishanu zvePorto Alegre kwaifanira kuvharwa. Kana iyo yapfuura rekodhi yemamita 4,77, yakanyorwa muna 1941, yakapfuura na21 pm pa00rd, guta guru reRio Grande do Sul rakaona migwagwa yaro mafashama uye mamiriro acho akaputsika pakupera kwevhiki.
Gore ra2023 rakashanda seyambiro, nemafashamo matatu anouraya. Muna June, dutu rakasiya vanhu 16 vafa; muna September, chimwe chiitiko chakafanana chakakonzera nzufu 54; uye muna November, mvura shoma yakanaya yakaguma nokufa kwevanhu vashanu. Hwerengedzo yakava 75 vakafa.
Zvisinei nezviitiko izvi, mari mukudzivirira mafashama haina kuwedzera zvakanyanya. In case of Porto Alegre, data kubva kuTransparency Portal inoratidza kuti dhipatimendi reguta rinoona nezvenzvimbo iyi rakapera 2023 nemadhora mazana mana nemakumi maviri nemasere emamiriyoni emari, uye mari yange ichidzikira kubva 428,9.
Marcio Astrini, munyori mukuru we Climate Observatory, inoratidza kuti mutoro wenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza haungori chete nehurumende uye hurumende, asiwo neCongress. Anotaura kuti kushayikwa kwekugadzirisa uye kurwisana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze ndiko kugadzirisa zvinhu, nzvimbo iyo Vatungamiri vanofanira kusimbisa zviito zvavo uye apo Dare reMitemo rakakurudzira zvipingamupinyi.
Maererano naAstrini, iyo Conservative vazhinji muCongress yakabvumira zvirongwa zvinonzi zvinokuvadza zvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti mitemo yezvakatipoteredza iparadzwe. Anoratidza kuti hapasati pamboita nguva iyo Congress yakazvipira kumisa budiriro munzvimbo iyi.
Anosimbisa kuti zviito zvinogumira kumhinduro dzechimbichimbi hazvina kukwana. Zviitiko zvakanyanyisa, kuwedzera kuwanda nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, hazvichagoni kuonekwa sezvisingafanoonekwi. Imwe nzira yakadzama uye yakazara inodiwa kugadzirisa matambudziko aya. Nyanzvi iyi inotaura kuti vatevedzeri vakazvipira kuputsa mutemo wezvemamiriro ekunze weBrazil nenzira isina kujeka.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, Astrini anonongedza kune a bill urikutsvagei ita kuti marezenisi ezvakatipoteredza ashanduke. Iyi purojekiti yaizobvumira nyika nemakanzuru kuti vaone kuti ndeapi mapurojekiti angade kana asingazode kuongororwa kwezvakatipoteredza, pakati pemamwe matanho. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuwedzera njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye zvinoparira kuitika kwedzimwe ngwavaira dzakafanana nedziri kutarisana nazvo.
Murongi wemadhorobha uye purofesa kuUFMG Roberto Andrés inosimbisa kuti matanho ekudzivirira anokosha mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai. Inotaridza kukosha kwematanho ekuderedza, senge kuvandudzwa kwemiti kumahombekombe enzizi kuchengetedza bhanhire rakasvibirira, iro rinobatsira kuderedza kukurumidza kwemvura uye kuwedzera kupindira muvhu, kuderedza kukanganisa kwemafashamo.
Anokurudzira kuti zvese Maguta akabatwa anofanira kuva nemamita awo yekutarisa kuzere uye mamwe akasimba alert masisitimu. Bvisa dzimba munzvimbo dzakazara nemvura, kunyanya avo vari munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru, zvakare chiyero chakakosha. Murongi wemaguta anosimbisa kuti kusanganiswa kwezviito zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuvandudzwa kwekutarisa uye yambiro masisitimu anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kwezviitiko zvakanyanyisa seizvi.
Nezvemubvunzo we preliminary evacuation plan, anotaura kuti zvaizoshanda, asi zvaizoda mari yakawanda mukuchengeteka. Chirongwa cherudzi urwu chaizoda agile real-time monitoring, zvakakwana zviwanikwa uye inoshanda yekudzivirira yevagari kuti ishande uye kuponesa hupenyu hwakawanda.
Tsvakurudzo yakaitwa na Genial/Quest inoratidza kuti ruzhinji rwevakabvunzurudzwa rwunomiririra hurumende yenyika, inotungamirwa na Eduardo Leite (PSDB), mutoro mukuru wedambudziko remamiriro ekunze muRio Grande do Sul Pane avo vakabvunzurudzwa, 68% vanofunga kuti hurumende yehurumende ine chikamu chakakosha chebasa renjodzi, nepo 20% ichitenda kuti mutoro idiki uye gumi nemaviri muzana. musapa hurumende mutoro.
Hurumende yaEduardo Leite yakatarisana nekushoropodzwa nekutonga kwayo mamiriro ezvinhu, kunyanya tichifunga nezve shanduko dzakaitwa kuRS Environmental Code panguva yake yekutanga, muna 2019. Idzi shanduko, dzakakanganisa dzakapoteredza 500 pfungwa dzekodhi, dzakatsoropodzwa nevanochengetedza zvakatipoteredza, avo vaifunga kuti zvinokuvadza kune hurumende yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kudziya kwepasi rose 5em4w
O kudziya kwepasirese, chiitiko chinoguma nekuwedzera kusingaenzaniswi kweavhareji yetembiricha yepasi nekuda kwekuwedzera kweiyo inozivikanwa zvikuru "greenhouse effect", inoita basa rakakosha mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose. Mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo eRio Grande do Sul, Brazil, kunaya kwemvura zhinji kuratidzwa kwekuchinja uku, kunosundwa nenhevedzano yemamiriro ekunze akabatana.
Chimwe chezvikonzero izvi kuvepo kwea dug, mhepo ine simba, iyo inokanganisa zvakananga mamiriro emamiriro ekunze munharaunda. Mugero uyu unokonzera kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichiita kuti pave nemhoteredzo inoita kuti mvura iwande. Uyezve, iyo humidity corridor kubva kuAmazon yatotaurwa, inowedzera kumamiriro ezvinhu, ichiwedzera kuwedzera kuwanda uye simba remvura muhurumende.
Kufurira kwekudziya kwepasi kunovhiringidza kushanduka kwemuchadenga, zvichiwedzera simba riripo rekuumba zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya, semvura zhinji. Gungwa rinodziya rinoitawo basa rakakosha, richipa hunyoro uye kupisa kwakawanda kuti zvikudze zviitiko izvi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chingangonzi chiitiko chekunze chemamiriro ekunze chinoshanduka kuita njodzi nekuda kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinoita kuti zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zviwedzere kunyanyisa uye kazhinji.
Solutions 2g634q
Chiziviso che Federal hurumende nezve package R$50,9 bhiriyoni yakanangana neRio Grande do Sul inoratidza kuzvipira kudzoreredza uye kugara zvakanaka kwemhuri, vashandi vekumaruwa, makambani nemataundi akabatwa nedambudziko razvino. Chiyero ichi, chakatumirwa kuburikidza neChiyero chenguva neMutungamiri Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, muna Chivabvu 9, chinobata zvakatevedzana zvakakosha:
- Kutarisira mapurogiramu evanhu: tarisiro yebhonasi yemuhoro, Bolsa Família neAuxílio-Gás ine chinangwa chekupa rubatsiro rwekukurumidza kumhuri dziri kusangana nematambudziko.
- Kunyanya kukosha mukudzorera mutero wemari: kuisa pamberi peIncome Tax kudzoserwa kweGauchos kunoderedza kumanikidzwa kwemari kune vateresi veko.
- Zvimwe zvikamu zveUnemployment Insurance: Kupihwa kwezvimwe zvikamu zviviri zveUnemployment Inishuwarenzi kunopa rutsigiro rwakakosha kune avo vakakanganiswa nekusamira zvakanaka kwehupfumi.
- Renegotiations of State zvikwereti ne Union: kukurumidza kutaurirana kwezvikwereti zvehurumende neMubatanidzwa zvinotsvaga kusimbisa kugadzikana kwemari uye kusunungura zviwanikwa zvekudyara kwakakosha.
- Kuwedzera kwemari yekanzuru: Mvumo yekuwedzera mari inoshandiswa nekanzuru inoita kuti vatungamiri vemunharaunda vapindure zvakanyanya kune zvinodiwa nechimbichimbi munharaunda dzavo.
- Kuburitswa kwekuvandudzwa kweparamende: Kuburitswa kwezviwanikwa kubva mukugadziridzwa kweparamende kunoratidza kushanda nesimba kuona kuti zvinhu zvinodiwa zviripo pazvinenge zvichinyanya kudiwa.
- Kuongorora mamiriro acho ezvinhu: kuiswa kwehofisi yekutarisa muPorto Alegre kunoratidza kuenderera mberi kwekuzvipira kwemasangano ehurumende kunyatsoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuronga kuedza kudzivirira njodzi nekuchengetedza hupenyu.
Uyezve, kuzvipira kweMutungamiri Lula ku zivisa pasuru itsva yerubatsiro Muvhuro unotevera, Chivabvu 13, inoratidza kutsunga kwehurumende kupa rutsigiro rwekuenderera mberi kuRio Grande do Sul Nemupiro wekutanga we50 bhiriyoni reais wekuvaka patsva uye kugadzirisa hupfumi, chinangwa ndechekudzikamisa kukanganisa kwemvura nemafashama, kudzoreredza. tariro uye chiremera kuvanhu veRio Grande do Sul.
Mvura ichanaya kusvika rinhi? 225y2w
Marcelo Seluchi, meteorologist uye general coordinator weKushanda uye Modelling paNational Center for Natural Disaster Monitoring uye Alerts (Cemaden), inofanotaura kuti madutu acharamba aripo mumazuva anouya nekuda kwechiitiko chinonzi blocking system, chiri kuitika muPacific Ocean uye chiri kushandisa simba pamusoro peBrazil. Iyi mamiriro emuchadenga akamira anogara kwemazuva, sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa nenyanzvi yemamiriro ekunze.
Maererano nekufanotaura, mvura ichaenderera mberi zvishoma kudarika makore gumi ekutanga aMay, zvisinei zvichatanga kupera zvishoma nezvishoma. Seluchi anocherekedza kuti mamiriro ekunze anogona kuchinjika, akananga kumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi, akananga kuUruguay, kana kuenda kuSanta Catarina. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinotarisirwa kuti kunaya kwemvura kuchaita kushoma uye pave nenguva yakareba pasina kunaya.
Aya anotonhora anouya kubva kuArgentina, anosvika nekukurumidza kuSouth Region uye haakwanise kufambira mberi. Tine kutevedzana kwenzvimbo dzinotonhora dzamira uye dziri kuchengetedza mvura kwemazuva akati wandei.
Marcelo Seluchi, meteorologist uye general coordinator weKushanda uye Modelling paNational Center for Natural Disaster Monitoring uye Alerts (Cemaden)
Uye ramangwana? 6t153h
Data yakaiswa mukati Global Risks Report 2024, yakabudiswa neWorld Economic Forum, yakaisa mumvuri pamusoro peramangwana. Gore rino, njodzi dzemhoteredzo dzinogona kusvika padanho rakaoma, kupfuura izvo zvingave zvisingabviri kudzoreredza kukanganisa. Chirevo ichi, chakavakirwa paGlobal Risk Perception Survey (GRPS), inoratidza kuti 66% yevakabvunzwa vanocherechedza mamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa senjodzi huru inogona kukonzera dambudziko repasi rose muna 2024.
Takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa aya, Minister of Environment, Marina Silva, inodzivirira kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kumisa mamiriro e "permanent climate emergency". Iyi nhanho yaizobvumira makanzuru eBrazil ari panjodzi kuti atore danho rakasimba mukudzivirira njodzi nekuchengetedza huwandu hwevanhu nezviwanikwa zvavo.
Inoratidzika kubva muzvidzidzo zvakaratidzwa, masayendisiti akabvunzurudzwa uye nhoroondo yenzvimbo yacho pachayo, mvura iyi haisi yega uye inofanira kuitika zvakare munharaunda yehurumende mumakore anotevera (kana mwedzi), kunyanya patinofunga nezve anthropocene - mamiriro ekuti munhu anopindira mune geography yenzvimbo iyoyo uye nekudaro munzvimbo, achivashandura. Mitemo yeruzhinji yezvakatipoteredza inofanirwa kusimbaradzwa kuderedza kufambira mberi uku.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda, tarisa vhidhiyo paYouTube chiteshi:
Onawo:
Kugadzira zvipo for the Rio Grande do Sul nenzira yakachengeteka.
Neruzivo kubva CNN [1] e [2], Agência Brasil [1], [2] e [3], Veja e wow.
Ongororo yemavara yakaitwa na: Pedro Bomfim
